TASK
1 (SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT AND MODIFIER)
1. UNDERSTANDING
OF THE SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT AND MODIFIER
Subject
is a noun, pronoun, or other words that can be classified into noun or pronoun.
The subject is the person or thing doing the action, and the subject usually
precedes the verb.
Verb
is a function word to indicate the action of the subject, showing events
or circumstances. Verb is one of the eight parts of speech.
Complement
is a word or group of words that completes the meaning of the subject, verb, or
object.
Modifier
is a word, phrase, and clause that functions as an adjective or adverb that
describes another word or group of words.
2. EXAMPLE
SENTENCES OF THE SUBJECT, VERB, COMPLEMENT AND MODIFIER
Fadil
and Adit / were eating /
noodles / an
hour ago .
Subject
Verb
Complement
Modifier
My
Mom / is cooking /
breakfast / this morning .
Subject
Verb
Complement
Modifier
Metty / should
have bought / book
/ yesterday .
Subject
Verb
Complement
Modifier
Source
:
TASK
2 (VERB PHRASES AND TENSES)
1. VERB
PHRASES
Verb
Phrases based on traditional grammar is a group of words in the form of the
main verb and the auxiliary verb. While based on generative grammar is a
predicate - main verb and all the elements that make it up: the auxiliary verb,
complement (object sentences), and / or modifier, but not including the subject
of the sentence.
On
traditional grammar : Main Verb
On
generative gramamar : +/- auxiliary verb + main verb +/- complement +/-
modifier
2. EXAMPLE
SENTENCES OF THE VERB PHRASES
He
cooks without oil.
·
Traditional grammar : cooks
·
Generative grammar : cooks without oil
3. TENSES
Tense
is a verb form that indicates an action or activity. Type of tenses is :
a. Simple
Present Tense
b. Present
Continous Tense
c. Present
Perfect Tense
d. Present
Perfect Continous Tense
e. Simple
Past Tense
f. Past
Continous Tense
g. Past
Perfect Tense
h. Past
Perfect Continous Tense
i. Present
Future Tense
j. Future
Continous Tense
k. Present
Future Perfect Tense
l. Present
Future Perfect Continous Tense
m. Simple
Past Future Tense
n. Past
Future Continous Tense
o. Past
Future Perfect Tense
p. Past
Future Perfect Continous Tense
4. EXAMPLE
SENTENCES OF THE TENSES
Simple
Present Tense :
I / am / very
sad .
Subject
To be (am/are) Complement
Simple
Past Tense :
I / appologized / to Mira .
Subject
Verb 2
Object
Source
:
Joanna
Adia. 2011. Langsung Bisa Menguasai GRAMMAR. Agobos.
TASK
3 (SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT)
Subject-verb
agreement is the adjustment between the verb with the subject in terms of
number, namely : singular or plural. Subjects can be a noun, pronoun, or other
constructions acting as a noun, such as the gerund and the infinitive.
Basically, singular subjectusing a singular verb, while plural subjectusing a
plural verb.
Example
of singular subject :
She is
a girl.
Singular
subject
Example
of plural subject :
You are
a student.
Plural
subject
Source
:
TASK
4 (PRONOUNS)
A
pronoun usually refers to something already mentioned in a sentence or piece of
text. A pronoun is a word that substitutes a noun or noun phrase used to
prevent repetition of the noun to which they refer. One of the most common
pronouns is it.
Rule
for pronouns : a pronoun must agree with the noun it refer. Therefore, if the
noun is singular, therefore the pronoun must be singular. If the noun is
plural, use a plural pronoun. If the noun is feminine, use a feminine pronoun.
and so on.
Example:
Example:
The plane
was on time, it had been arrived.
The planes were
on time, they had been arrived.
Source
:
TASK
5 (VERB AS COMPLEMENT)
Verb
as complement is a direct objector indirect objectof an action verb. Such
objects can be either a noun, pronoun, or other constructions acting as noun,
such as : gerund, infinitive, and the noun clause.
Example
:
I love cooking a
cake
Gerund
Source
:
TASK
6 (AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE AGREEMENT, NEGATION, COMMANDS)
1. Affirmative
and Negative Agreement
When
indicating that one person pr thing does something and then adding that another
does the same. Use the word so or too. To avoid needless
repetition of words from the affirmative statement, use the
conjunction and followed by a simple statement
using so or too. The order of this statement will depend on
whether so or too is used.
Example
:
I
will bake a cake now. Tina will bake a cake now.
·
I will bake a cake now and tina will too
·
I will bake a cake now and so will tina
Either
and Neither function in simple statements much like so and too in affirmative
sentences. However, either and neither are used to indicate negative agreement.
The same rules for auxiliaries, be and do, does, or did apply.
Exmple
:
I
didn’t talking to my mother this morning and my sister didn’t either
2. Negation
To
make a sentence negative, add the negative particle not after the auxiliary or
verb be. If there is no auxiliary or be, add the appropriate form of do, does,
or did and place in word not after that.
Example
:
I
likes a soda à I don’t like a soda
3. Commands
A
command is an imperative statement. One person orders another to do something.
It can be preceded by please. The understood subject is you. Use the simple
form of the verb.
Example
:
Please
close the door!
Source
:
TASK
7 (MODAL AUXILIARIES)
Modal
Auxiliaries are auxiliary verbs such as will, may, can, could, should, would,
is used for, need to be used in conjunction with the main verb to express the
nuances of time and mood. Combination helping verbs with main verbs creates
what is called a verb or verb phrase string. The word kind of work is a verb
which helps verbs (verb) expressed several meanings such as liability,
possible, permission, ability.
Example
:
I
can do the cook
Source
:
TASK 8 (ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS)
1. Adjectives
Adjective is a word
used to add meaning to the noun or a word that describes a noun.
Example :
I am quick writer
Adjective
2. Advebs
Adverb is give
explanations on all other words except nouns. In general adverb from an
adjective can be formed by adding -ly behind adjectives. But this rule does not
apply to all adjectives.
Example :
I writes quickly
Adverbs
Source :
Joanna Adia. 2011. Langsung Bisa
Menguasai GRAMMAR. Agobos
TASK
9 (CONNECTORS)
The
mean of coordinate connector is and, but, or, so. Many sentences in English
that consists of two clauses (clauses is a group of words which consist of at
least one and one Verb Subject (predicate). When there are two sentences in
English, we have to combine it with the right. One way to combine the two
clauses is to use and, but, or, so.
Example
:
The
sun was shining, but it was very hot
Source
:
TASK
10 (PASSIVE VOICE, CAUSATIVE HAVE)
1. Passive
Voice
Passive
voice sentences the subject is subject to the action of the verb, or phrase
that describes what happens to the subject of the sentence, while the active sentence
is a sentence that states the subject of the sentence does what.
Example
:
My
diamond was stolen
2. Causative
Have
Effective
or operating as a cause or agent <causative bacteria of cholera>.
Expressing causation, specifically : being a linguistic form that
indicates that the subject causes an act to be performed or a condition to come
into being.
Example
:
I
cleaned my room
Source
:
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